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- $Unique_ID{BRK04216}
- $Pretitle{}
- $Title{SHORT Syndrome}
- $Subject{SHORT Syndrome Growth Retardation-Rieger Anomaly Reiger
- Anomaly-Growth Retardation Short Stature-Hyperextensibility or Hernia-Ocular
- Depression-Rieger Anomaly-Teething Delay Lipodystrophies Rieger Syndrome
- Russell-Silver Syndrome }
- $Volume{}
- $Log{}
-
- Copyright (C) 1993 National Organization for Rare Disorders, Inc.
-
- 938:
- SHORT Syndrome
-
- ** IMPORTANT **
- It is possible that the main title of the article (SHORT Syndrome) is not
- the name you expected. PLease check the SYNONYMS listing to find the
- alternate name and disorder subdivisions covered by this article.
-
- Synonyms
-
- Growth Retardation-Rieger Anomaly
- Reiger Anomaly-Growth Retardation
- Short Stature-Hyperextensibility or Hernia-Ocular Depression-Rieger
- Anomaly-Teething Delay
-
- Information on the following diseases can be found in the Related
- Disorders section of this report:
-
- Lipodystrophies
- Rieger Syndrome
- Russell-Silver Syndrome
-
- General Discussion
-
- ** REMINDER **
- The Information contained in the Rare Disease Database is provided for
- educational purposes only. It should not be used for diagnostic or treatment
- purposes. If you wish to obtain more information about this disorder, please
- contact your personal physician and/or the agencies listed in the "Resources"
- section of this report.
-
- SHORT Syndrome is a very rare disorder thought to be inherited as an
- autosomal recessive trait. Individuals affected with this disorder are
- usually born with a low birth weight. Short stature, and a congenital
- condition in which there is a loss of fat under the skin (lipoatrophy) of the
- arms and face are almost always apparent. Other distinguishing symptoms of
- Short Syndrome are defective development of the anterior chamber of the eye
- (Riegers Anomaly) and a delay in teething and speech.
-
- Symptoms
-
- SHORT Syndrome is characterized by a low birth weight, loss of fat under the
- skin of the arms and face (lipoatrophy), a delay in teething and speech, and
- a condition in which there is defective development of the anterior chamber
- of the eye (Rieger Anomaly) that sometimes leads to glaucoma. Short stature,
- and joints that stretch more than normal (hyperextensibility) are both
- apparent at an early age. Inguinal hernias (a type of intestinal hernia) are
- found in most affected individuals. Children with SHORT Syndrome are also
- prone to frequent infections.
-
- Facial characteristics may include sunken eyes, downturned corners of the
- mouth, a triangular shape to the face, a wide space between the eyes, a wide
- nasal bridge, an abnormally small jaw and/or ears that protrude outward.
-
- Causes
-
- SHORT Syndrome is a very rare disorder that is thought to be inherited as an
- autosomal recessive trait. Human traits, including the classic genetic
- diseases, are the product of the interaction of two genes, one received from
- the father and one from the mother. In recessive disorders, the condition
- does not appear unless a person inherits the same defective gene for the same
- trait from each parent. If one receives one normal gene and one gene for the
- disease, the person will be a carrier for the disease, but usually will not
- show symptoms. The risk of transmitting the disease to the children of a
- couple, both of whom are carriers for a recessive disorder, is twenty-five
- percent. Fifty percent of their children will be carriers, but healthy as
- described above. Twenty-five percent of their children will receive both
- normal genes, one from each parent, and will be genetically normal.
-
- Affected Population
-
- SHORT Syndrome is a very rare disorder. It is thought to affect males more
- often than females. There have been very few cases of this disorder reported
- in the medical literature.
-
- Related Disorders
-
- Symptoms of the following disorders can be similar to those of SHORT
- Syndrome. Comparisons may be useful for a differential diagnosis:
-
- Lipodystrophies are a group of rare metabolic disorders which can be
- either inherited or acquired. They are characterized by abnormalities in
- fatty (adipose) tissue. There may be a total or partial loss of body fat,
- abnormalities of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, severe resistance to
- naturally occuring and synthetic insulin, and immune system dysfunction.
- These disorders are differentiated by degrees of severity, and by areas or
- systems of the body affected. Lipodystrophies can also be associated with
- other disorders and various developmental abnormalities. (For more
- information on this disorder choose "Lipodystrophy" as your search term in
- the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Rieger Syndrome is a rare disorder inherited as an autosomal dominant
- trait. The main characteristics of this disorder are facial, dental and eye
- abnormalities. Facial characteristics include a small jaw, broad nasal
- bridge and/or a protruding lower lip. (For more information on this disorder
- choose "Rieger Syndrome" as your search term in the Rare Disease Database).
-
- Russell-Silver Syndrome is a rare disorder characterized by short
- stature, a small triangular-shaped face, short arms, and light brown spots on
- the skin (cafe-au-lait spots). The corners of the mouth turn downward and
- short incurved fifth fingers are apparent. Intelligence is often normal
- although in some cases mental retardation may occur. (For more information
- on this disorder, choose "Russel-Silver Syndrome" as your search term in the
- Rare Disease Database).
-
- Therapies: Standard
-
- Patients with SHORT Syndrome should have regular eye exams. When glaucoma is
- present, drug therapy is used. This usually consists of a topical beta
- blocker in the form of eye drops. Laser surgery is usually reserved for
- those patients in whom eye pressure is not relieved by medication.
-
- Other treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
-
- Genetic counseling may be of benefit for patients and their families.
-
- Therapies: Investigational
-
- Research on birth defects and their causes is ongoing. The National
- Institutes of Health (NIH) is sponsoring the Human Genome Project which is
- aimed at mapping every gene in the human body and learning why they sometimes
- malfunction. It is hoped that this new knowledge will lead to prevention and
- treatment of genetic disorders in the future.
-
- This disease entry is based upon medical information available through
- May 1993. Since NORD's resources are limited, it is not possible to keep
- every entry in the Rare Disease Database completely current and accurate.
- Please check with the agencies listed in the Resources section for the most
- current information about this disorder.
-
- Resources
-
- For more information on SHORTS Syndrome, please contact:
-
- National Organization for Rare Disorders (NORD)
- P.O. Box 8923
- New Fairfield, CT 06812-1783
- (203) 746-6518
-
- The National Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS)
- Information Clearinghouse
- Box AMS
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 495-4484
-
- NIH/National Eye Institute (NEI)
- 9000 Rockville Pike
- Bethesda, MD 20892
- (301) 496-5248
-
- Human Growth Foundation
- 7777 Leesburg Pike
- P.O. Box 3090
- Falls Church, VA 22043
- (703) 883-1773
- (800) 451-6434
-
- Short Stature Foundation
- 17200 Jamboree Rd., Suite J
- Irvine, CA 92714-5828
- (714) 474-4554
- (800) 24-DWARF
-
- Little People of America
- P.O. Box 633
- San Bruno, CA 94066
- (415) 589-0695
-
- The Magic Foundation
- 1327 N. Harlem Ave.
- Oak Park, IL 60302
- (708) 383-0808
-
- Parents of Dwarfed Children
- 11524 Colt Terr.
- Silver Spring, MD 20902
-
- Association for Research into Restricted Growth
- 2 Mount Court
- 81 Central Hill
- London SE 19 1 BS
- England
- 01-678-2984
-
- For Genetic Information and Genetic Counseling Referrals:
-
- March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation
- 1275 Mamaroneck Avenue
- White Plains, NY 10605
- (914) 428-7100
-
- Alliance of Genetic Support Groups
- 35 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 440
- Chevy Chase, MD 20815
- (800) 336-GENE
- (301) 652-5553
-
- References
-
- MENDELIAN INHERITANCE IN MAN, 10th Ed.: Victor A. McKusick, Editor: Johns
- Hopkins University Press, 1992. Pp. 1694-95.
-
- BIRTH DEFECTS ENCYCLOPEDIA, Mary Louise Buyse, M.D., Editor-In-Chief;
- Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1990. Pp. 1533-34.
-
-